I. What is a Mineral?

A. Naturally Occurring

B. Inorganic

C. Solid

D. Definite Chemical Composition and Shape

E. Crystal -Atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.

II. Identifying Minerals

A. Color B. Luster

C. Hardness (Mohs) Pg. 69

D. Streak- Mark left on unglazed porcelain tile.

E. Density- Mass per unit Volume (g/cm³)

F. Crystal Shape-pg. 62

G. Cleavage- Breaks leaving a smooth surface

& Fracture- Breaks leaving rough edges

III. Uses of Minerals

1. Gems- Value because of rarity and beauty.

B. Ores- Minerals that are mined for a profit.

Examples: Metals, Sulfur

C. Asbestos- Fine fiber used in insulation and fire resistant materials. Fibers get in lung and cause lung cancer.

 IV. The Rock Cycle

V. Igneous Rock (From Fire)

A. Melting

1. Temperature- 1400 C (2550 F)

2. Radioactive- Elements in surrounding rocks produce thermal energy

B. Classification

1. Where it's formed

a. Intrusive (Magma) - inside the earth

b. Extrusive (Lava)- outside the earth

2. Color

a. Dark-Basaltic

b. Light-Granite

3. Composition

a. Fast cooling, small Grains

b. Slow cooling, large Grains

VI. Metamorphic Rock

A. Heat & Pressure- granite is put under pressure

B. Classification

1. Foliated (Layers)- grains flatten and line up in parallel bands.

2. Nonfoliated (No layers)- grains rearrange but don't form bands.

VII. Sedimentary Rock (to Settle)

1. Compaction -Small sediments are compacted together from layers of rocks above.
2. Cementation- Large sediments are cemented together by quartz and calcite.

C. Classification

1. Clastic (Broken)- made from fragments of plants, animals and other rocks.

2. Chemical (Evaporates)- form from minerals dissolved in a solution.

3. Organic (Once Living)- made from remains from once-living organisms.